Solar cell module and manufacturing method thereof

ABSTRACT

A solar cell module comprises an upper glass plate, a front adhesive layer, a solar cell array, a back adhesive layer and a back plate superposed in sequence. The solar cell array comprises a plurality of cells, adjacent cells connected by a metal wire. At least one metal wire extends reciprocally between a surface of a first cell and a surface of a second cell adjacent to the first cell to form at least two conductive wires. The cells comprise secondary grid lines disposed on front surfaces thereof. The conductive wires are being welded with the secondary grid lines. At least one of the front adhesive layer and the back adhesive layer has a thickness of larger than or equal to the metal wire in a direction perpendicular to the cell, and smaller than 400 μm.

The present application claims priority to the following 41 Chinese applications, the entireties of all of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

-   -   1. Chinese Patent Application No. 201410608576.6, filed Oct. 31,         2014;     -   2. Chinese Patent Application No. 201410606607.4, filed Oct. 31,         2014;     -   3. Chinese Patent Application No. 201410606601.7, filed Oct. 31,         2014;     -   4. Chinese Patent Application No. 201410606675.0, filed Oct. 31,         2014;     -   5. Chinese Patent Application No. 201410608579.X, filed Oct. 31,         2014;     -   6. Chinese Patent Application No. 201410608577.0, filed Oct. 31,         2014;     -   7. Chinese Patent Application No. 201410608580.2, filed Oct. 31,         2014;     -   8. Chinese Patent Application No. 201410606700.5, filed Oct. 31,         2014;     -   9. Chinese Patent Application No. 201410608469.3, filed Oct. 31,         2014;     -   10. Chinese Patent Application No. 201510085666.6, filed Feb.         17, 2015;     -   11. Chinese Patent Application No. 201510217625.8, filed Apr. 3,         2015;     -   12. Chinese Patent Application No. 201510217609.9, filed Apr. 3,         2015;     -   13. Chinese Patent Application No. 201520276309.3, filed Apr. 3,         2015;     -   14. Chinese Patent Application No. 201510217687.9, filed Apr. 3,         2015;     -   15. Chinese Patent Application No. 201510219182.6, filed Apr. 3,         2015;     -   16. Chinese Patent Application No. 201510217617.3, filed Apr. 3,         2015;     -   17. Chinese Patent Application No. 201520278183.3, filed Apr. 3,         2015;     -   18. Chinese Patent Application No. 201510217573.4, filed Apr. 3,         2015;     -   19. Chinese Patent Application No. 201510219540.3, filed Apr. 3,         2015;     -   20. Chinese Patent Application No. 201510218489.4, filed Apr. 3,         2015;     -   21. Chinese Patent Application No. 201510218563.2, filed Apr. 3,         2015;     -   22. Chinese Patent Application No. 201510219565.3, filed Apr. 3,         2015;     -   23. Chinese Patent Application No. 201510219436.4, filed Apr. 3,         2015;     -   24. Chinese Patent Application No. 201510218635.3, filed Apr. 3,         2015;     -   25. Chinese Patent Application No. 201520277480.6, filed Apr. 3,         2015;     -   26. Chinese Patent Application No. 201510219366.2, filed Apr. 3,         2015;     -   27. Chinese Patent Application No. 201520278409.X, filed Apr. 3,         2015;     -   28. Chinese Patent Application No. 201510218697.4, filed Apr. 3,         2015;     -   29. Chinese Patent Application No. 201510219417.1, filed Apr. 3,         2015;     -   30. Chinese Patent Application No. 201510221302.6, filed Apr. 3,         2015;     -   31. Chinese Patent Application No. 201510219353.5, filed Apr. 3,         2015;     -   32. Chinese Patent Application No. 201520280778.2, filed Apr. 3,         2015;     -   33. Chinese Patent Application No. 201510219378.5, filed Apr. 3,         2015;     -   34. Chinese Patent Application No. 201520280868.1, filed Apr. 3,         2015;     -   35. Chinese Patent Application No. 201510218574.0, filed Apr. 3,         2015;     -   36. Chinese Patent Application No. 201510217616.9, filed Apr. 3,         2015;     -   37. Chinese Patent Application No. 201520278149.6, filed Apr. 3,         2015;     -   38. Chinese Patent Application No. 201510218562.8, filed Apr. 3,         2015;     -   39. Chinese Patent Application No. 201510218535.0, filed Apr. 3,         2015;     -   40. Chinese Patent Application No. 201510217551.8, filed Apr. 3,         2015; and     -   41. Chinese Patent Application No. 201520276534.7, filed Apr. 3,         2015.

The present application is relevant to the following 10 U.S. applications, filed concurrently with the present application, the entireties of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

-   -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. ______ (Attorney Docket No.         14880-23), entitled “Solar Cell Module And Manufacturing Method         Thereof,” filed ______;     -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. ______ (Attorney Docket No.         14880-24), entitled “Solar Cell Array, Solar Cell Module And         Manufacturing Method Thereof,” filed ______;     -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. ______ (Attorney Docket No.         14880-26), entitled “Solar Cell Array, Solar Cell Module And         Manufacturing Method Thereof,” filed ______;     -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. ______ (Attorney Docket No.         14880-29), entitled “Solar Cell Array, Solar Cell Module And         Manufacturing Method Thereof,” filed ______;     -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. ______ (Attorney Docket No.         14880-32), entitled “Solar Cell Unit, Solar Cell Array, Solar         Cell Module And Manufacturing Method Thereof,” filed ______;     -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. ______ (Attorney Docket No.         14880-33), entitled “Solar Cell Unit, Solar Cell Array, Solar         Cell Module And Manufacturing Method Thereof,” filed ______;     -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. ______ (Attorney Docket No.         14880-34), entitled “Solar Cell Unit, Solar Cell Array, Solar         Cell Module And Manufacturing Method Thereof,” filed ______;     -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. ______ (Attorney Docket No.         14880-35), entitled “Solar Cell Unit, Solar Cell Array, Solar         Cell Module And Manufacturing Method Thereof,” filed ______;     -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. ______ (Attorney Docket No.         14880-36), entitled “Solar Cell Unit, Solar Cell Array, Solar         Cell Module And Manufacturing Method Thereof,” filed ______; and     -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. ______ (Attorney Docket No.         14880-44), entitled “Method For Manufacturing Solar Cell         Module,” filed ______.

FIELD

The present disclosure relates to the field of solar cells, and more particularly, to solar cell modules and manufacturing methods thereof.

BACKGROUND

The photovoltaic module packages the matrix of photovoltaic cells connected in series or parallel, which not only can maintain the function of electricity generation, but also can resist damages, corrosion and burn-in caused by the external environment. Currently, there are two structures of modules in the photovoltaic market. In the first structure, a coated tempered glass, an EVA encapsulation, a cell matrix, an EVA encapsulation, a macromolecular back plate are laminated from up to bottom sequentially, and are protected around by a rigid aluminum frame. On the back surface, a junction box is arranged to cable out the module. In the second structure, a coated tempered glass, an EVA or PVB encapsulation, a cell matrix, an EVA encapsulation, a tempered glass are laminated from up to bottom sequentially, and a junction box is mounted on the back surface of the tempered glass drilled or slotted.

As for a traditional cell matrix, the main structure is that the primary grid lines of the cell are welded with the back surface of its adjacent cell by a welding strip. The main component of the paste for manufacturing the primary grid lines is expensive silver, and the welding strip is mostly a copper wire plated with a Sn—Pb alloy.

The module of the first structure is common, which is called “common module” with respect to a double-glass module. The common module takes EVA as the encapsulation and macromolecular material as the back plate, and has the following defects in the long run.

First, the back plate is made of a macromolecular material with certain moisture permeability. The moisture and corrosive gas in the environment may penetrate into the module, then erode the cells and the welding strip, and reduce the service life of the module. Second, the TPT back plate with better performance is high in cost, while the ordinary non-Tedler back plate tends to yellow, crack and dust, which affects the efficiency and service life of the module, and is the reason for forming lightening streaks on the module. Third, the macromolecular material has poor abrasion resistance. In windy and dusty areas, the anti-aging layer on the back plate is easy to be abraded, and thus the PET layer (or copper function layer) is exposed. The PET layer is easier to be abraded, thereby weakening the abrasion resistance of the whole module, which decreases the service life of the module considerably, and causes safety risks. Fourth, the back plate is made of a flexible material. The back surface basically has no physical protection for the cell, such that the cell tends to crack when being pressed or hit. Fifth, EVA is added with a UV absorbent, but the UV absorbent will be gradually worn out in prolonged exposure. In the action of UV light and moistures, EVA will be degraded and yellow, which reduces the power output of the module, and produces small molecules (e.g. acetic acids), which erodes the welding strip and cells, and reduces the service life and efficiency of the module.

The traditional cell matrix has the following defects. First, sunlight irradiates to a cell from its front surface, and metal electrodes disposed on the front surface cover part of the silicon wafer, and then the part of sunlight irradiating to the electrodes cannot be converted into electric energy. In this aspect, it is expected that the grid lines can be made as fine as possible in order for the solar cell module to receive more sunlight. However, the grid lines serve to conduct current, and in terms of resistivity, the finer the grid lines are, the smaller the cross section area thereof is, which causes greater loss of electricity due to increased resistivity. Two factors, shading and conductivity, restrain each other, which hinders improvement of the module power. Second, since the cost of the silicon wafers goes down considerably, the portion of silver paste material for the front electrode in the production of cells gradually rises up.

SUMMARY

In other aspect, a solar cell module comprises an upper glass plate, a front adhesive layer, a solar cell array, a back adhesive layer and a back plate superposed in sequence. The solar cell array comprises a plurality of cells, adjacent cells connected by a metal wire. At least one metal wire extends reciprocally between a surface of a first cell and a surface of a second cell adjacent to the first cell to form at least two conductive wires. The cells comprise secondary grid lines disposed on front surfaces thereof. The conductive wires are being welded with the secondary grid lines. At least one of the front adhesive layer and the back adhesive layer has a thickness of larger than or equal to the metal wire in a direction perpendicular to the cell, and smaller than 400 μm.

In another aspect, a method for manufacturing a solar cell module comprises forming a plurality of conductive wires by a metal wire which extends reciprocally on a surface of a first cell and a surface of a second cell adjacent to the first cell. The plurality of conductive wires is welded with secondary grid lines on surfaces of the cells to constitute a cell array. The method also comprises superposing an upper glass plate, a front adhesive layer, the cell array, a back adhesive layer and a back plate in sequence. A front surface of a cell faces the front adhesive layer. A back surface thereof faces the back adhesive layer. The method further comprises laminating the superposed layers to obtain the solar cell module. At least one of the front adhesive layer and the back adhesive layer has a thickness of larger than or equal to the metal wire in a direction perpendicular to the cell, and smaller than 400 μm.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a plan view of a solar cell array according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a solar cell array according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a solar cell array according to embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a metal wire for forming a conductive wire according to embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 5 is a plan view of a solar cell array according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 6 is a plan view of a solar cell array according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a metal wire extending reciprocally according to embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of two cells of a solar cell array according to embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 9 is a sectional view of a solar cell array formed by connecting, by a metal wire, the two cells according to FIG. 8;

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a solar cell module according to embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 11 is a sectional view of part of the solar cell module according to FIG. 10;

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a solar cell array according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of assembling a solar cell module according to the present disclosure;

FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a metal wire under a strain according to Comparison Example 1.

REFERENCE NUMERALS

-   100 cell module -   10 upper glass plate -   20 front adhesive layer -   30 cell array -   31 cell -   31A first cell -   31B second cell -   311 cell substrate -   312 secondary grid line -   312A front secondary grid line -   312B back secondary grid line -   3121 edge secondary grid line -   3122 middle secondary grid line -   3123 welding portion -   313 back electric field -   314 back electrode -   32 (32C) conductive wire -   32A front conductive wire -   32B back conductive wire -   321 metal wire body -   322 connection material layer -   33 short grid line -   34 clip -   40 back adhesive layer -   50 back plate -   51 reflective coating -   60 U-shape frame -   70 junction box -   80 mounting block

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail and examples of the embodiments will be illustrated in the drawings, where same or similar reference numerals are used to indicate same or similar members or members with same or similar functions. The embodiments described herein with reference to the drawings are explanatory, which are used to illustrate the present disclosure, but shall not be construed to limit the present disclosure.

In prior art, the front surface of the solar cell is usually provided with the primary grid lines and the secondary grid lines to output the current generated by the photoelectric effect or chemistry effect. In order to improve the efficiency of the solar cells, solar cell manufacturers conducted extensive researches on how to increase the number of the primary grid lines. In prior art, the number of primary grid lines has been successfully increased from two to three, or even five.

However, in prior art, the primary grid lines are formed by printing the paste containing expensive silver, so the manufacturing cost is very high, and the increase of the silver primary grid lines absolutely causes an increase in cost. Moreover, the current silver primary grid line has a great width (for example, up to over 2 mm), such that the increase of the silver primary grid lines will enlarge the shaded area, and make the photoelectric conversion efficiency low.

Consequently, from the perspective of lowering the cost and reducing the shaded area, in prior art, the silver primary grid lines printed on the cell have been replaced with metal wires, for example, copper wires. The copper wires are welded with the secondary grid lines to output the current. Since the silver primary grid lines are no longer used, the cost can be reduced considerably. The copper wire has a smaller diameter to reduce the shaded area, so the number of the copper wires can be raised up to 10. This kind of cell may be called a cell without primary grid lines, in which the metal wire replaces the silver primary grid lines and solder strips in the traditional solar cells.

After extensive research, the inventors of the present disclosure finds if a cell is manufacture in a way that multiple parallel metal wires are drawn simultaneously, cut off, and then welded to the cell simultaneously, due to limitations of sophistication of equipment and process, for example, the influence of stress, the solar cell is bent to some extent when disposed at a free state, so the metal wire needs to remain strained to flatten the cell (a test proves that the minimum strain is at least 2 N for a copper wire with a diameter of 0.2 mm). In order to keep the strain, each metal wire needs to be provided with clips or similar equipment at the two ends thereof, and the equipment occupies certain space, but the space in the cell is limited. Thus, in prior art, at most ten metal wires can be drawn, fixed and welded to a single cell, and it will be difficult to increase the number of the metal wires. The larger the number of the metal wires is, the more free ends there are, such that the equipment needs to control more metal wires at the same time, which is demanding as for the wiredrawing equipment. Moreover, the space of the solar cells is limited. For example, the dimension of a single cell is 156 mm×156 mm. In such limited space, the multiple metal wires need to be controlled accurately at the same time, which is demanding as for the equipment, especially as for the accuracy. Currently, it is still difficult to control and weld multiple metal wires simultaneously in actual production, so the number of the conductive wires is limited, usually at most about ten, which is difficult to realize.

In order to solve the above problem, relevant patents (US20100275976 and US20100043863) provide a technical solution that multiple metal wires are fixed on a transparent film. That's to say, multiple parallel metal wires are fixed on the transparent film by adhesion; then, the transparent film bound with the multiple parallel metal wires is attached to the cell; finally the metal wires contact with the secondary grid lines on the cell by lamination. By this method, the multiple metal wires are fixed via the transparent film, which solves the problem of controlling the multiple metal wires simultaneously, and further increases the number of the metal wires. However, the technical solution almost abandons the welding process. That's to say, the metal wires are not connected with the secondary grid lines by the welding process; instead, the metal wires contact with the secondary grid lines by the laminating process, so as to output the current.

The above technical solution can further increase the number of the metal wires, but the transparent film may affect the light absorption, which causes certain degree of shading, and thus lowers the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

Furthermore, the above technical solution cannot connect the metal wires with the secondary grid lines by the welding process, because the melting temperature of the transparent film must be higher than the welding temperature (usually around 140° C.). Otherwise the transparent film will melt in the process of welding, which may lose the function of fixing the metal wires, and then the metal wires drift, resulting in poor welding effects.

Moreover, it is known to those skilled in the art that the solar cells in use are sealed to prevent moisture and air from penetrating the cells, which may cause corrosion and short circuits. The encapsulating material at present is EVA whose melting point is 70° C. to 80° C., much lower than the welding temperature. If the welding process is employed, as said above, the melting temperature of the transparent film must be higher than the welding temperature, which is higher than the melting point of the encapsulating material. Thus, in the encapsulating process, the encapsulating material (EVA) will melt at the encapsulating temperature, but the transparent film will not, such that the melting encapsulating material cannot penetrate the solid transparent film to completely seal the cells. Hence, the sealing effect is poor, and the actual product tends to fail. In terms of encapsulating, the melting temperature of the transparent film needs to be lower than the welding temperature, which is an evident paradox.

Therefore, the technical solution of fixing the metal wires via the transparent film cannot adopt the welding process to weld the metal wires with the secondary grid lines. The metal wires are merely in contact with the secondary grid lines on the cells, i.e. the metal wires are only placed on the secondary grid lines. Thus, the connection strength of the metal wires and the secondary grid lines is so low that the metal wires tend to separate from the secondary grid lines in the laminating process or in use, which causes bad contact, low efficiency of the cells, or even failure thereof. Consequently, the product in this technical solution is not promoted and commercialized. There is no relatively mature solar cell without primary grid lines.

Particularly, the solar cell is not readily accessible to average people due to its high cost and difficulty of mass production, and hence the solar cell becomes a high-end product of green energy. Reduction in cost has been a tough and crucial problem in the art. Any components in the cell module can be regarded as a factor for lowering the cost.

The present disclosure seeks to solve at least one of the problems existing in the related art to at least some extent.

The present disclosure provides a solar cell without primary grid lines, and the number of the conductive wires disposed the cell can be increased up to 20 or even greater. In the present disclosure, the conductive wires are constituted by a few metal wires which extend reciprocally, so as to reduce the free ends. Consequently, the number of the metal wires is not limited by the space, and more conductive wires may be disposed on the cell to facilitate the welding between the multiple conductive wires and the secondary grid lines on the cell. Meanwhile, in the solar cell without primary grid lines of the present disclosure, the conductive wires and the secondary grid lines are connected by welding, which is reliable and simple to manufacture, and has good sealability and high efficiency. Thus, the solar cells satisfy the practical requirements and may be commercialized for mass production. Especially, the technical solution of the present disclosure can manufacture a solar cell with many suitable conductive wires. The conductive wires flatten the cells, such that the cell will not be bent due to the stress, and hence will not contact with the upper glass plate and the back plate, to lower the risk of short circuiting. Consequently, the thickness of the adhesive layer can be decreased. The cost may be lowered at the same time of guaranteeing the performance of the cell, which further reduces the cost of the cell.

Thus, the present disclosure provides a solar cell module that is easy to manufacture in low cost, and improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

The present disclosure further provides a method for manufacturing the solar cell module.

According to a first aspect of embodiments of the present disclosure, a solar cell module includes an upper glass plate, a front adhesive layer, a solar cell array, a back adhesive layer and a back plate superposed in sequence. The solar cell array comprises a plurality of cells, adjacent cells connected by a metal wire that extends reciprocally between a surface of a first cell and a surface of a second cell adjacent to the first cell to form a plurality of conductive wires, the cells being provided with secondary grid lines on front surfaces thereof, the conductive wires being welded with the secondary grid lines, at least one of the front adhesive layer and the back adhesive layer having a thickness of larger than or equal to the metal wire in a direction perpendicular to the cell, and smaller than 400 μm.

In the solar cell module according to embodiments of the present disclosure, the conductive wires are constituted by the metal wire which extends reciprocally. The metal wire extends reciprocally between two adjacent cells in a winding way to form a folded shape. The conductive wires formed are welded with the secondary grid lines. The conductive wires of this structure are easy to manufacture in low cost; have good weather resistance, long service life, high safety and high absorption of UV lights; and can improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell module.

The conductive wires are arranged in a winding way to avoid failure of the whole conductive wires when a single conductive wire breaks off or is insufficiently welded, so as to avoid instability of the cells.

Meanwhile, the conductive wires are arranged in a winding way, such that it is easy to manufacture the conductive wires at a random number. The conductive wires are distributed at the cell, preferably strained on the cell, so as to flatten the cells, such that the cells will not be bent. The adhesive layers can be configured to have a thickness of larger than or equal to the metal wire in a direction perpendicular to the cell, and smaller than 400 μm, which will not affect the performance of the module, and can lower the cost to a great extent. The thickness of the adhesive layers can be decreased, or even be lowered to be equal to the thickness of the metal wire, which can increase the light transmittance, and further improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the module.

According to a second aspect of embodiments of the present disclosure, a method for manufacturing a solar cell module includes: forming at least two conductive wires by a metal wire which extends reciprocally a surface of a first cell and a surface of a second cell adjacent to the first cell, the plurality of conductive wires being welded with secondary grid lines on surfaces of the cells to constitute a cell array; superposing an upper glass plate, a front adhesive layer, the cell array, a back adhesive layer and a back plate in sequence, in which a front surface of a cell faces the front adhesive layer, a back surface thereof facing the back adhesive layer, and laminating them to obtain the solar cell module, at least one of the front adhesive layer and the back adhesive layer having a thickness of larger than or equal to the metal wire in a direction perpendicular to the cell, and smaller than 400 μm.

The winding method in the present disclosure facilitates electrical connection of the metal wire with the cell, and the good connection performance is beneficial, especially, to welding of the metal wire with the cell, and can avoid insufficient welding of the conductive wires. The solar cell manufactured has beautiful design and good performance. Moreover, a suitable number of conductive wires can be manufactured, as long as they are strained by two clips, which is independent from space limitation. The process is easy to realize with simple equipment, which can be industrialized.

Part of technical terms in the present disclosure will be elaborated herein for clarity and convenience of description.

According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, referring to FIGS. 1-12, cell 31 includes a cell substrate 311, a secondary grid line 312 disposed on a front surface (the surface on which light is incident) of the cell substrate 311, a back electric field 313 disposed on a back surface of the cell substrate 311, and a back electrode 314 disposed on the back electric field 313. Thus, the secondary grid line 312 can be called the secondary grid line 312 of the cell 31, the back electric field 313 called the back electric field 313 of the cell 31, and the back electrode 314 called the back electrode 314 of the cell 31.

The cell substrate 311 can be an intermediate product obtained by subjecting, for example, a silicon chip to processes of felting, diffusing, edge etching and silicon nitride layer depositing. However, it shall be understood that the cell substrate 311 in the present disclosure is not limited to be formed by the silicon chip.

In other words, the cell 31 comprises a silicon chip, some processing layers on a surface of the silicon chip, secondary grid lines on a front surface, and a back electric field 313 and back electrodes 314 on a back surface, or includes other equivalent solar cells of other types without any front electrode.

Cell unit includes a cell 31 and conductive wires 32 constituted by a metal wire S.

A solar cell array 30 includes a plurality of cells 31 and conductive wires 32 which connect adjacent cells 31 and are constituted by the metal wire S. In other words, the solar cell array 30 is formed of a plurality of cells 31 connected by the conductive wires 32.

In the solar cell array 30, the metal wire S constitutes the conductive wires 32 of the cell unit, and extends between surfaces of the adjacent cells 31, which shall be understood in a broad sense that the metal wire S may extend between front surfaces of the adjacent cells 31, or may extend between a front surface of a first cell 31 and a back surface of a second cell 31 adjacent to the first cell 31. When the metal wire S extends between the front surface of the first cell 31 and the back surface of the second cell 31 adjacent to the first cell 31, the conductive wires 32 may include front conductive wires 32A extending on the front surface of the cell 31 and electrically connected with the secondary grid lines 312 of the cell 31, and back conductive wires 32B extending on the back surface of the cell 31 and electrically connected with the back electrodes 314 of the cell 31. Part of the metal wire S between the adjacent cells 31 can be called connection conductive wires.

In the present disclosure, the cell substrate 311, the cell 31, the cell unit, the cell array 30 and the solar cell module are only for the convenience of description, and shall not be construed to limit the present disclosure.

All the ranges disclosed in the present disclosure include endpoints, and can be individual or combined. It shall be understood that the terminals and any value of the ranges are not limited to an accurate range or value, but also include values proximate the ranges or values.

In the present disclosure, orientation terms such as “upper” and “lower” usually refer to the orientation “upper” or “lower” as shown in the drawings under discussion, unless specified otherwise; “front surface” refers to a surface of the solar cell module facing the light when the module is in operation, i.e. a surface on which light is incident, while “back surface” refers to a surface of the solar cell module back to the light when the module is in operation.

In the following, the solar cell module 100 will be described according to the embodiments of the present disclosure with respect to the drawings.

As shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 13, the solar cell module according to the embodiments of the present disclosure includes an upper glass plate 10, a front adhesive layer 20, a solar cell array 30, a back adhesive layer 40 and a back plate 50 superposed in sequence. The solar cell array 30 comprises a plurality of cells 31, adjacent cells 31 connected by a metal wire. At least one metal wire extends reciprocally between a surface of a first cell 31 and a surface of a second cell 31 adjacent to the first cell 31 to form at least two conductive wires 32. The cells 31 are provided with secondary grid lines 312 on front surfaces thereof, and the conductive wires 32 are welded with the secondary grid lines 312. At least one of the front adhesive layer 20 and the back adhesive layer 40 has a thickness of larger than or equal to the metal wire in a direction perpendicular to the cell, and smaller than 400 μm.

In other words, the solar cell module according to the embodiments of the present disclosure includes the upper glass plate 10, the front adhesive layer 20, the solar cell array 30, the back adhesive layer 40 and the back plate 50 sequentially from up to down. The solar cell array 30 comprises at least two cells 31, and adjacent two cells 31 are connected by a plurality of conductive wires 32. At least two conductive wires 32 are constituted by the metal wire which extends reciprocally between two adjacent cells 31. The front adhesive layer 20 and/or the back adhesive layer 40 have(s) a thickness of larger than or equal to the metal wire in a direction perpendicular to the cell, and smaller than 400 μm.

The thickness in the direction perpendicular to the cell in the present disclosure refers to the thickness in the direction from the cell to the upper glass. The thickness of the metal wire herein refers to the thickness after welding, which may be smaller than its original thickness because the welding layer melts in the welding process. For example, the metal wire is cylindrical, and the thickness is slightly smaller than its diameter.

The present disclosure is not limited to that all the conductive wires are formed by winding the metal wire—the conductive wires can be partially or completely formed by winding the metal wire. The reciprocal extension can be back and forth once. There is no limit as to the termination point of the reciprocal extension—the starting point and the termination point can be at the same cell or at different cells, as long as the metal wire is winded, so as to reduce the free ends.

The conductive wires 32 are welded with the secondary grid lines 312, and will not drift or be insufficiently welded in the solar cell module, and hence relatively high photoelectric conversion efficiency is obtain.

In the solar cell module according to the embodiments of the present disclosure, the conductive wires 32 are constituted by the metal wire which extends reciprocally, and is arranged in a winding way between two adjacent cells 31 to form a folded shape. The conductive wires 32 are welded with the secondary grid lines 312. The conductive wires 32 of this structure are easy to manufacture in low cost, and have good weather resistance, long service life, high safety and a high UV light absorption rate, which can improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell module. Meanwhile, the conductive wires are arranged in a winding way, such that it is easy to manufacture the conductive wires at a random number. The conductive wires are distributed at the cell, preferably strained on the cell, so as to flatten the cells, such that the cells will not be bent. The adhesive layers can be configured to have a thickness of larger than or equal to the metal wire in a direction perpendicular to the cell, and smaller than 400 μm, which will not affect the performance of the module, and can lower the cost to a great extent. The thickness of the adhesive layers can be decreased, or even be lowered to be equal to the thickness of the metal wire, which can increase the light transmittance, and further improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the module.

The cell unit is formed by the cell 31 and the conductive wires 32 constituted by the metal wire S which extends on the surface of the cell 31. In other words, the solar cell array 30 according to the embodiments of the present disclosure are formed with a plurality of cell units; the conductive wires 32 of the plurality of cells are formed by the metal wire S which extends reciprocally between the surfaces of the cells 31.

It shall be understood that the term “extending reciprocally” in this disclosure can be called “winding” which means that the metal wire S extends between the surfaces of the cells 31. For example, referring to FIG. 1, in some circumstances, the metal wire extends between the surfaces of the cells 31 in the same plane, such as either between the front surfaces or between the bottom surfaces of the cells, to form a serpentine pattern. In some other circumstances, the metal wire S extends between the surfaces of the cells 31 in multiple planes, such as between both the front surface of a cell and the bottom surface of an adjacent cell, to form a serpentine pattern. In yet other circumstances, the metal wire S extends between the surfaces of the cells 31 both in the same plane and in multiple planes, such as sometimes between either the front surfaces or the bottom surfaces of some adjacent cells, and at other times between both the front surface of a certain cell and the bottom surface of an adjacent cell, to form a serpentine pattern. The plurality of conductive wires equals two or more passes of the serpentine shaped pattern. Preferably, two or more passes of the serpentine shaped pattern on the same plane are substantially parallel to each other. More preferably, all the passes of the serpentine shaped pattern on the same plane are substantially parallel to each other.

In the present disclosure, it shall be understood in a broad sense that “the metal wire S extends reciprocally between surfaces of the cells 31.” For example, the metal wire S may extend reciprocally between a front surface of a first cell 31 and a back surface of a second cell 31 adjacent to the first cell 31; the metal wire S may extend from a surface of the first cell 31 through surfaces of a predetermined number of middle cells 31 to a surface of the last cell 31, and then extends back from the surface of the last cell 31 through the surfaces of a predetermined number of middle cells 31 to the surface of the first cell 31, extending reciprocally like this.

In addition, when the cells 31 are connected in parallel by the metal wire S, the metal wire S can extend on front surfaces of the cells, such that the metal wire S constitutes a front conductive wire 32A. Alternatively, a first metal wire S extends reciprocally between the front surfaces of the cells, and a second metal wire S extends reciprocally between the back surfaces of the cells, such that the first metal wire S constitutes a front conductive wire 32A, and the second metal wire S constitutes a back conductive wire 32B.

When the cells 31 are connected in series by the metal wire S, the metal wire S can extend reciprocally between a front surface of a first cell 31 and a back surface of a second cell 31 adjacent to the first cell 31, such that part of the metal wire S which extends on the front surface of the first cell 31 constitutes a front conductive wire 32A, and part thereof which extends on the back surface of the second cell 31 constitutes a back conductive wire 32B. In the present disclosure, unless specified otherwise, the conductive wire 32 can be understood as the front conductive wire 32A, the back conductive wire 32B, or the combination thereof.

The term “extending reciprocally” can be understood as that the metal wire S extends reciprocally once to form two conductive wires 32 which are formed by winding a metal wire S. For example, two adjacent conductive wires form a U-shape structure or a V-shape structure, yet the present disclosure is not limited to the above.

In the solar cell array 30 according to the embodiments of the present disclosure, a plurality of conductive wires 32 of the cells are constituted by the metal wire S which extends reciprocally; and the adjacent cells 31 are connected by the conductive wires 32. Hence, the conductive wires 32 of the cells are not necessarily made of expensive silver paste, and can be manufactured in a simple manner without using a solder strip to connect the cells. It is easy and convenient to connect the metal wire S with the secondary grid line and the back electrode, so that the cost of the cells is reduced considerably.

Moreover, since the conductive wires 32 are constituted by the metal wire S which extends reciprocally, the width of the conductive wires 32 (i.e. the width of projection of the metal wire on the cell) may be decreased, thereby decreasing the shaded area of the conductive wires 32. Further, the number of the conductive wires 32 can be adjusted easily, and thus the resistance of the conductive wires 32 is reduced, compared with the primary grid lines made of the silver paste, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is improved. Since the metal wire S extends reciprocally to form the conductive wires, when the cell array 30 is used to manufacture the solar cell module 100, the metal wire S will not tend to shift, i.e. the metal wire is not easy to “drift”, which will not affect but further improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, the secondary grid lines 312 and short grid lines 33 are disposed on a front surface of the cell 31; the secondary grid lines 312 includes middle secondary grid line 3122 intersected with conductive wires 32 and edge secondary grid lines 3121 non-intersected with the conductive wires 32, the short grid lines 33 being connected with the edge secondary grid lines 3121, and being connected with the conductive wires 32 or at least one middle secondary grid line 3122.

The present disclosure relates to the solar cells connected by the conductive wires 32. The short grid lines 33 are disposed on the front surface of the cells 31 to solve the accuracy problem of connection between the conductive wires 32 and the cell 31, to avoid current loss. The process is simple and easy to realize, and can lower the cost considerably.

The secondary grid lines 312 located at a side surface of the cell substrate 311 comprises two parts—one part of the secondary grid lines 312 intersected with the conductive wires 32 and located in a middle position of the cell substrate 311 to form middle secondary grid lines 3122; the other part of the secondary grid lines 312 non-intersected with the conductive wires 32 and located at an edge of one side away from the conductive wires 32 to form edge secondary grid lines 3121.

The edge secondary grid lines 3121 are provided with short grid lines 33 connected with the conductive wires 32 or at least one middle secondary grid line 3122. In specific embodiments, the short grid lines 33 are located at the edges of the cell 31 where the conductive wires 32 cannot reach when being winded, so as to avoid current loss.

Alternatively, the metal wire breaks off at a turn after being connected with the cells 31.

Preferably, the short grid lines 33 are connected with the edge secondary grid line 3121 closest to the middle secondary grid lines 3122.

In some other specific embodiments of the present disclosure, the short grid lines 33 are connected with the conductive wires 32. Preferably, the short grid lines 33 and the metal wire at the front surface of the cell 31 are connected at a turn formed by reciprocal extension. An extra welding point can be added to decrease the probability of breaking the welding portion at the edges, and to further enhance the binding force of the metal wire and the cell. The connection at the turn herein can be understood that the short grid lines 33 have intersection points with the turns, i.e. the short grid lines 33 do not terminate at the turns.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the short grid lines 33 are perpendicular to the secondary grid lines 312. The short grid lines 33 are, preferably, electrically connected with bended parts (ends proximate to the edges) of the conductive wires 32 on the front surface of the cell 31. More preferably, at least one short grid line 33 is disposed corresponding with each bended part.

Since the distance between the bended parts of the conductive wires 32 and the edges of the cell 31 is usually short, the short grid lines 33 have a length of 1 to 10 mm, preferably 2.4 to 7 mm, a width of 0.05 to 0.5 mm, and a thickness of 0.01 to 0.02 mm. There are 3 to 40, preferably 6 to 20 short grid lines.

The short grid lines 33 can be disposed in the same manner as the secondary grid lines 312 on the front surface of the cell 31. For example, the short grid lines 33 can be printed along with the secondary grid lines 312 by silk-screen printing at the same screen plate (which can be made of silver paste) as the front secondary grid lines 3121.

Alternatively, the metal wire breaks off at a turn after being connected with the cell 31. The metal wire breaks off at the turn after being welded with the cell 31 to form multiple independent conductive wires 32.

The metal wire breaks off at the turn after being welded with the cell 31 to separate the multiple conductive wires 32, which can decrease the stress between the cells and peeling strength at the joints of the metal wire and the cell, and further improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell array 30.

Consequently, the solar cell module 100 according to the embodiments of the present disclosure has low cost and high photoelectric conversion efficiency.

Preferably, at least one of the front adhesive layer 20 and the back adhesive layer 40 has a thickness of 250 to 400 μm. Further preferably, at least one of the front adhesive layer 20 and the back adhesive layer 40 has a thickness of 250 to 350 μm. Thus, the front adhesive layer 20 and the back adhesive layer 40 of this structure can use fewer materials, which can further reduce the whole manufacturing cost.

The back plate in the present disclosure can be a glass plate, which has excellent corrosion resistance, weather resistance and abrasion resistance than a normal high-molecular back plate. In such a case, the internal electronic elements are completely separated from the external environment, to prolong the service life of the module.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the conductive wires 32 are welded with the secondary grid lines 312 by a welding layer.

Specifically, according to a preferable embodiment of the present disclosure, the secondary grid lines 312 and the conductive wires 32 are connected by a welding layer disposed on the secondary grid lines 312 or coating the metal wire. Alternatively, a welding layer is disposed at a position where the conductive wires 32 are in contact with the secondary grid lines 312 and/or the back electrodes 314 of the cell 31. More preferably, the welding layer is disposed at the positions where the conductive wires 32 are in contact with the secondary grid lines 312 of the cell 31 and in contact with the back electrodes 314 thereof respectively. The welding layer can be only applied to the secondary grid lines 312 and back electrodes 314, or can also be applied to the conductive wires 32. The welding layer may be a metal with a lower melting point or an alloy.

In the cell array 30, the ratio of the thickness of the welding layer and the diameter of the metal wire is (0.02-0.5):1.

In the present disclosure, when there is a welding layer disposed at a position where the conductive wires 32 are in contact with the secondary grid lines 312 and/or the back electrodes 314 of the cell 31, the conductive wires 32 can be a metal wire which is not coated a welding layer in the art, for example, a copper wire.

In an embodiment, the conductive wires (including the front conductive wires 32A and back conductive wires 32B) are metal wires coated with an alloy layer with a low melting point. The alloy layer may coat the metal wire completely or partially. When the alloy layer coats the metal wire partially, the alloy layer is, preferably, formed at a position where the alloy layer is welded with the secondary grid lines 312 and/or the back electrodes 314 of the cell 31. When the alloy layer coats the metal wire completely, the alloy layer can coat the periphery of the metal wire in a circular manner. The thickness of the alloy layer can fall into a relatively wide range. Preferably, the alloy layer has a thickness of 1 to 100 μm, more preferably, 1 to 30 μm. The alloy for forming the alloy layer with a low melting point may be a conventional alloy with a low melting point which can be 100 to 200° C.

In the cell array 30, the cell 31 can be a conventional cell 31 in the art, for example, a polycrystalline silicon cell 31. The secondary grid lines 312 on the front surface of the cell 31 can be Ag, Cu, Sn, and tin alloy. The secondary grid line 312 has a width of 40 to 80 and a thickness of 5 to 20 μm; there are 50 to 120 secondary grid lines, a distance between adjacent secondary grid lines ranging from 0.5 to 3 mm. The back electrodes 314 on the back surface of the cell 31 can be made of Ag, Cu, Sn and tin alloys. The back electrodes 314 are usually in a ribbon pattern, and have a width of 1 to 4 mm, and a thickness of 5 to 20 μm.

In the following, the solar cell array 30 according to specific embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings.

The solar cell array 30 according to a specific embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated with reference to FIG. 1 to FIG. 3.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 3, two cells in the solar cell array 30 are shown. In other words, it shows two cells 31 connected with each other via the conductive wire 32 constituted by the metal wire S.

It can be understood that the cell 31 comprises a cell substrate 311, a secondary grid line 312 (a front secondary grid line 312A) disposed on a front surface of the cell substrate 311, a back electric field 313 disposed on a back surface of the cell substrate 311, and a back electrode 314 disposed on the back electric field 313. In the present disclosure, it can be understood that the back electrode 314 may be a back electrode of a traditional cell, for example, printed by the silver paste, or may be a back secondary grid line 312B similar to the secondary grid line on the front surface of the cell substrate, or may be multiple discrete welding portions, unless specified otherwise. The secondary grid line refers to the secondary grid line 312 on the front surface of the cell substrate 311, unless specified otherwise.

As shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 3, the solar cell array in the embodiment includes two cells (called a first cell 31A and a second cell 31B respectively for convenience of description). The metal wire S extends reciprocally between the front surface of the first cell 31A (a front surface, i.e. an upper surface in FIG. 2) and the back surface of the second cell 31B, such that the metal wire S constitutes a front conductive wire of the first cell 31A and a back conductive wire of the second cell 31B. The metal wire S is electrically connected with the secondary grid line of the first cell 31A and welded with the back electrode of the second cell 31B.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, back electrodes 314 are disposed on the back surface of the cell substrate 311, and the metal wire is welded with the back electrodes 314.

That's to say, in the embodiment, front secondary grid lines 312A are disposed on the front surface of the cell substrate 311 whose back surface is provided with the back electrodes 314. The conductive wires 32 are located at the front surface of the cell substrates 311, and welded with the front secondary grid lines 312A. When located at the back surface of the cell substrates 311, the conductive wires 32 are welded with the back electrodes 314 on the back surface of the cell substrate 311.

In some embodiments, the metal wire extends reciprocally between the first cell 31A and the second cell 31B for 10 to 60 times. In some specific embodiments of the present disclosure, there can be a single metal wire. Specifically, the single metal wire is bent reciprocally for many times to form a plurality of conductive wires whose number ranges from 20 to 40, preferably from 24 to 28. Preferably, as shown in FIG. 1, the metal wire extends reciprocally for 12 times to form 24 conductive wires, and there is only one metal wire. In other words, a single metal wire extends reciprocally for 12 times to form 24 conductive wires, and the distance of the adjacent conductive wires can range from 2.5 mm to 15 mm. Of course, the metal wire in the present disclosure is not limited to a single one—there may be multiple metal wires, or multiple metal wires are winded alone. In this embodiment, the number of the conductive wires is increased, compared with the traditional cell, such that the distance between the secondary grid line and the conductive wire which the current runs through is decreased, so as to reduce the resistance and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the adjacent conductive wires form a U-shape structure, for convenience of winding the metal wire. Alternatively, the present disclosure is not limited to the above. For example, the adjacent conductive wires may form a V-shape structure.

More preferably, as shown in FIG. 4, the metal wire S includes a metal wire body 321 and a welding layer 322 coating the outer surface of the metal wire body. The metal wire is welded with the secondary grid lines and/or the back electrodes by the welding layer, such that it is convenient to electrically connect the metal with the secondary grid lines and/or the back electrodes, and to avoid drifting of the metal wire in the connection process so as to guarantee the photoelectric conversion efficiency. Of course, the electrical connection of the metal with the cell substrate can be conducted during or before the laminating process of the solar cell module, and preference is given to the latter.

It shall be noted that in the present disclosure, the metal wire S refers to a metal wire for extending reciprocally on the cells 31 to form the conductive wires 32; and the conductive wires 32 include a metal wire body 321 and a welding layer 322 coating the metal wire body 321, i.e. the metal wire S consists of the metal wire body 321 and the welding layer 322 coating the metal wire body 321. In the embodiments of the present disclosure, unless specified otherwise, the metal wire represents the metal wire S which extends reciprocally on the cells to form the conductive wires 32.

In some embodiments, preferably, the metal wire body 321 is a copper wire. Of course, the metal wire S can be a copper wire, too. In other words, the metal wire does not include the welding layer 322, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the metal wire body 321 can be an aluminum wire. Preferably, the metal wire S has a circular cross section, such that more sunlight can reach the cell substrate to further improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

In some embodiments, preferably, before the metal wire contact the cells, the metal wire extends under a strain, i.e. straightening the metal wire. After the metal wire is connected with the secondary grid lines and the back electrodes of the cell, the strain of the metal wire can be released, so as to further avoid the drifting of the conductive wires when the solar cell module is manufactured, and to guarantee the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a solar cell array according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 5, the metal wire extends reciprocally between the front surface of the first cell 31A and the front surface of the second cell 31B, such that the metal wire constitutes a front conductive wire of the first cell 31A and a front conductive wire of the second cell 31B. In such a way, the first cell 31A and the second cell are connected in parallel. Of course, it can be understood that preferably the back electrode of the first cell 31A and the back electrode of the second cell 31B can be connected via a back conductive wire constituted by another metal wire which extends reciprocally. Alternatively, the back electrode of the first cell 31A and the back electrode of the second cell 31B can be connected in a traditional manner.

The solar cell array 30 according to another embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated with reference to FIG. 6.

The solar cell array 30 according to the embodiment of the present disclosure comprises n×m cells 31. In other words, a plurality of cells 31 are arranged in an n×m matrix form, n representing a column, and m representing a row. More specifically, in the embodiment, 36 cells 31 are arranges into six columns and six rows, i.e. n=m=6. It can be understood that the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the column number and the row number can be different. For convenience of description, in FIG. 6, in a direction from left to right, the cells 31 in one row are called a first cell 31, a second cell 31, a third cell 31, a fourth cell 31, a fifth cell 31, and a sixth cell 31 sequentially; in a direction from up to down, the columns of the cells 31 are called a first column of cells 31, a second column of cells 31, a third column of cells 31, a fourth column of cells 31, a fifth column of cells 31, and a sixth column of cells 31 sequentially.

In a row of the cells 31, the metal wire extends reciprocally between a surface of a first cell 31 and a surface of a second cell 31 adjacent to the first cell 31; in two adjacent rows of cells 31, the metal wire extends reciprocally between a surface of a cell 31 in a a^(th) row and a surface of a cell in a (a+1)^(th) row, and m−1≧a≧1.

As shown in FIG. 6, in a specific example, in a row of the cells 31, the metal wire extends reciprocally between a front surface of a first cell 31 and a back surface of a second cell 31 adjacent to the first cell 31, so as to connect the cells in one row in series. In two adjacent rows of cells 31, the metal wire extends reciprocally between a front surface of a cell 31 at an end of the a^(th) row and a back surface of a cell 31 at an end of the (a+1)^(th) row, to connect the two adjacent rows of cells 31 in series.

More preferably, in the two adjacent rows of cells 31, the metal wire extends reciprocally between the surface of the cell 31 at an end of the a^(th) row and the surface of the cell 31 at an end of the (a+1)^(th) row, the end of the a^(th) row and the end of the (a+1)^(th) row located at the same side of the matrix form, as shown in FIG. 6, located at the right side thereof.

More specifically, in the embodiment as shown in FIG. 6, in the first row, a first metal wire extends reciprocally between a front surface of a first cell 31 and a back surface of the second cell 31; a second metal wire extends reciprocally between a front surface of the second cell 31 and a back surface of a third cell 31; a third metal wire extends reciprocally between a front surface of the third cell 31 and a back surface of a fourth cell 31; a fourth metal wire extends reciprocally between a front surface of the fourth cell 31 and a back surface of a fifth cell 31; a fifth metal wire extends reciprocally between a front surface of the fifth cell 31 and a back surface of a sixth cell 31. In such a way, the adjacent cells 31 in the first row are connected in series by corresponding metal wires.

A sixth metal wire extends reciprocally between a front surface of the sixth cell 31 in the first row and a back surface of a sixth cell 31 in the second row, such that the first row and the second row are connected in series. A seventh metal wire extends reciprocally between a front surface of the sixth cell 31 in the second row and a back surface of a fifth cell 31 in the second row; a eighth metal wire extends reciprocally between a front surface of the fifth cell 31 in the second row and a back surface of a fourth cell 31 in the second row, until a eleventh metal wire extends reciprocally between a front surface of a second cell 31 in the second row and a back surface of a first cell 31 in the second row, and then a twelfth metal wire extends reciprocally between a front surface of the first cell 31 in the second row and a back surface of a first cell 31 in the third row, such that the second row and the third row are connected in series. Sequentially, the third row and the fourth row are connected in series, the fourth row and the fifth row connected in series, the fifth row and the sixth row connected in series, such that the cell array 30 is manufacture. In this embodiment, a bus bar is disposed at the left side of the first cell 31 in the first row and the left side of the first cell 31 in the sixth row respectively; a first bus bar is connected with a conductive wire extending from the left side of the first cell 31 in the first row, and a second bus bar is connected with a conductive wire extending from the left side of the first cell 31 in the sixth row.

As said above, the cells in the embodiments of the present disclosure are connected in series by the conductive wires—the first row, the second row, the third row, the fourth row, the fifth row and the sixth row are connected in series by the conductive wires. As shown in the figures, alternatively, the second and third row, and the fourth and fifth rows can be connected in parallel with a diode respectively to avoid light spot effect. The diode can be connected in a manner commonly known to those skilled in the art, for example, by a bus bar.

However, the present disclosure is not limited to the above. For example, the first and second rows can be connected in series, the third and fourth rows connected in series, the fifth and sixth rows connected in series, and meanwhile the second and third rows are connected in parallel, the fourth and fifth connected in parallel. In such a case, a bus bar can be disposed at the left or right side of corresponding rows respectively.

Alternatively, the cells 31 in the same row can be connected in parallel. For example, a metal wire extends reciprocally from a front surface of a first cell 31 in a first row through the front surfaces of the cells 31 in the second row to the sixth row.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the secondary grid line 312 has a width of 40 to 80 μm and a thickness of 5 to 20 μm; there are 50 to 120 secondary grid lines, a distance between adjacent secondary grid lines ranging from 0.5 to 3 mm. The secondary grid lines 312 in this structure can be welded with the conductive wires 32 better to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

Preferably, the front adhesive layer 20 and the back adhesive layer 40 are silica gel, which can convert the ultraviolet light absorbed by EVA ultraviolet absorbent to electric energy, compared with the traditional EVA encapsulation, to increase the output of the photovoltaic module. Moreover, the new-type packaging film is stable under UV irradiation, and has good weather resistance, such that it will not be degraded to produce acetic acid micro-molecules and erode the cell.

The polyolefin film has a problem of lacking adhesion with macromolecule back plate when the module is in regular use; if it is used for a long time, the film tend to be delaminated. Currently, the silica gel used in the silica film module has a film structure which is thermoplastic, and is solid at a normal temperature but gradually softened when the temperature rises. The transparent liquid silica gel has two components and is liquid at a normal temperature. The two components are mixed evenly at 1:1, and then laminated at 70° C. to 130° C. to be solidified as a thermoset transparent silica gel. The laminating process is conducted at a relatively low temperature, which can save energy and prolong the service life of the laminator. The upper glass plate 10 and the back plate 50 of the double-glass module are both rigid glass which is easier to be glued and laminated than high molecular materials. The temperature may reach 80° C. to 100° C. when the module is in practical use, and then the thermoplastic film will soften, along with the resulting mobility, yet the thermoset film will not have the above problem, and the module has better temperature resistance.

As shown in FIG. 10, further the back plate 50 is coated with a white reflective coating 51 inside. In the present disclosure, the back glass is coated with a white reflective coating 51 inside, such that the light which penetrates the gap of the cell 31 can be reflected to decrease packaging loss.

In the present disclosure glass is used as the back plate 50, and has excellent corrosion resistance, weather resistance and abrasion resistance than normal high-molecular back plates. In such a case, the internal electronic elements are completely separated from the external environment, to prolong the service life of the module.

In a preferable embodiment, the upper glass plate 10 and the back plate 50 are sealed by filling a sealant of butyl rubber or polyisobutylene rubber at the peripheries thereof.

In the present disclosure, the butyl rubber or polyisobutylene rubber which has low moisture permeability is used inside of the outermost periphery of the two layers of glass, to solve the problem that the edges of the original photovoltaic module expose to the packaging materials outsides. Moreover, the upper and lower layers of glass are bounded tightly, which can obstruct the moisture from the external environment, and prevent corrosive gas from penetrating into the module, so as to slow down the decay of the module and prolong the service life thereof.

Further preferably, the peripheries of the upper glass plate 10 and the back plate 50 are fixed by silica gel or butyl rubber or double-sided sticky tape via a U-shape frame 60, and a sealant is filled between the peripheries of the upper glass plate 10 and the back plate 50 and the U-shape frame 60.

In the present disclosure, the peripheries of the two layers of glass fix the U-shape frame by silica gel or butyl rubber or double-sided sticky tape. The frame is made of aluminum or high molecular materials. Usually, the peripheries of the double-glass module are not protected, or just are protected by the sticky tape, in which case the corners of the rigid glass tend to break under stress, and thus the safety is low and the risk in transporting and assembling is high. With protection of the U-shape rigid frame, the edges and corners of the double-glass module have higher impact resistance, and better sealing effect.

As shown in FIG. 14, the solar cell module according to the embodiments of the present disclosure further includes a junction box 70 disposed at the edge of the upper glass plate 10 and the back plate 50.

In the present disclosure, the junction box 70 is disposed at the edge of the solar cell module instead of in the opening hole or groove at the back surface of the solar cell module, which can remain the entire structure of the back glass without forming any hard sport, so as to improve safety. In addition, the arrangement of the junction box 70 can, compared with the traditional module, reduce the number of the bus bars inside the solar cell module and the length of the external cable, which saves the cost, reduces the resistance and hence increases the power output.

In the process of manufacturing the solar cell module of the present disclosure, the conductive wires 32 can be first bounded or welded with the secondary grid lines 32 and back electrodes on the cell, and then they are superposed and laminated.

In a specific embodiment of the present disclosure, the solar module 100 includes an upper cover plate 10, a front adhesive layer 20, the cell array 30, a back adhesive layer 40 and a back plate 50. The cell array 30 includes a plurality of cells 31, and adjacent cells 31 are connected by the plurality of conductive wires 32. The conductive wires 32 are constituted by the metal wire S. The conductive wires 32 are welded with the secondary grid lines. The front adhesive layer 20 contacts with the conductive wires 32 directly and fills between the adjacent conductive wires 32.

That's to say, the solar cell module 100 according to the present disclosure includes an upper cover plate 10, a front adhesive layer 20, the cell array 30, a back adhesive layer 40 and a back plate 50 superposed sequentially along a direction from up to down. The cell array 30 includes a plurality of cells 31 and conductive wires 32 for connecting the plurality of cells 31. The conductive wires are constituted by the metal wire S which extends reciprocally between surfaces of two adjacent cells 31.

The conductive wires 32 are electrically connected with the cells 31, in which the front adhesive layer 20 on the cells 31 contacts with the conductive wires 32 directly and fills between the adjacent conductive wires 32, such that the front adhesive layer 20 can fix the conductive wires 32, and separate the conductive wires 32 from air and moisture from the outside world, so as to prevent the conductive wires 32 from oxidation and to guarantee the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

Thus, in the solar cell module 100 according to embodiments of the present disclosure, the conductive wires 32 constituted by the metal wire S which extends reciprocally replace traditional primary grid lines and solder strips, so as to reduce the cost. The metal wire S extends reciprocally to decrease the number of free ends of the metal wire S and to save the space for arranging the metal wire S, i.e. without being limited by the space. The number of the conductive wires 32 constituted by the metal wire which extends reciprocally may be increased considerably, which is easy to manufacture, and thus is suitable for mass production. The front adhesive layer 20 contacts with the conductive wires 32 directly and fills between the adjacent conductive wires 32, which can effectively isolate the conductive wires from air and moisture to prevent the conductive wires 32 from oxidation to guarantee the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

In some specific embodiments of the present disclosure, the metal wire S extends reciprocally between a front surface of a first cell and a back surface of a second cell adjacent to the first cell; the front adhesive layer 20 contacts with the conductive wires on the front surface of the first cell 31 directly and fills between the adjacent conductive wires 32 on the front surface of the first cell 31; the back adhesive layer 40 contacts with the conductive wires 32 on the back surface of the second cell 31 directly and fills between the adjacent conductive wires 32 on the back surface of the second cell 31.

In other words, in the present disclosure, the two adjacent cells 31 are connected by the metal wire S. In the two adjacent cells 31, the front surface of the first cell 31 is connected with the metal wire S, and the back surface of the second cell 31 is connected with the metal wire S.

The front adhesive layer 20 on the first cell 31 whose front surface is connected with the metal wire S is in direct contact with the metal wire S on the front surface of the first cell 31 and fills between the adjacent conductive wires 32. The back adhesive layer 40 on the second cell 31 whose back surface is connected with the metal wire S is in direct contact with the metal wire S on the back surface of the second cell 31 and fills between the adjacent conductive wires 32 (as shown in FIG. 2).

Consequently, in the solar cell module 100 according to the present disclosure, not only the front adhesive layer 20 can separate the conductive wires 32 on the front surfaces of part of the cells 31 from the outside world, but also the back adhesive layer 40 can separate the conductive wires 32 on the back surfaces of part of the cells 31 from the outside world, so as to further guarantee the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell module 100.

In some specific embodiments of the present disclosure, for a typical cell with a dimension of 156 mm×156 mm, the solar cell module has a series resistance of 380 to 440 mΩ per 60 cells. The present disclosure is not limited to 60 cells, and there may be 30 cells, 72 cells, etc. When there are 72 cells, the series resistance of the solar cell module is 456 to 528 mΩ, and the electrical performance of the cells is better.

In some specific embodiments of the present disclosure, for a typical cell with a dimension of 156 mm×156 mm, the solar cell module has an open-circuit voltage of 37.5-38.5 V per 60 cells. The present disclosure is not limited to 60 cells, and there may be 30 cells, 72 cells, etc. The short-circuit current is 8.9 to 9.4 A, and is not related to the number of the cells.

In some specific embodiments of the present disclosure, the solar cell module has a fill factor of 0.79 to 0.82, which is independent from the dimension and number of the cells, and can affect the electrical performance of the cells.

In some specific embodiments of the present disclosure, for a typical cell with a dimension of 156 mm×156 mm, the solar cell module has a working voltage of 31.5-32 V per 60 cells. The present disclosure is not limited to 60 cells, and there may be 30 cells, 72 cells, etc. The working current is 8.4 to 8.6 A, and is not related to the number of the cells.

In some specific embodiments of the present disclosure, for a typical cell with a dimension of 156 mm×156 mm, the solar cell module has a conversion efficiency of 16.5-17.4%, and a power of 265-280 W per 60 cells.

A method for manufacturing the solar cell module according to the embodiments of the present disclosure will be illustrated in the following.

Specifically, the method according to the embodiments of the present disclosure includes the following steps:

forming a plurality of conductive wires 32 by a metal wire which extends reciprocally a surface of a first cell 31 and a surface of a second cell 31 adjacent to the first cell 31, the plurality of conductive wires being welded with secondary grid lines 312 on the surface of the cell 31 to constitute a cell array 30;

superposing the upper glass plate 10, the front adhesive layer 20, the cell array 30, the back adhesive layer 40 and the back plate 50 in sequence, in which a front surface of a cell 31 faces the front adhesive layer 20, a back surface thereof facing the back adhesive layer 40, and laminating them to obtain the solar cell module 100. At least one of the front adhesive layer 20 and the back adhesive layer 40 has a thickness of larger than or equal to the metal wire in a direction perpendicular to the cell, and smaller than 400 μm.

The front adhesive layer 20 and the back adhesive layer 40 are adhesive layers commonly used in the art. Preferably, the front adhesive layer 20 and the back adhesive layer 40 are polyethylene-octene elastomer (POE) and/or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA). In the present disclosure, polyethylene-octene elastomer (POE) and/or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) are conventional products in the art, or can be obtained in a method known to those skilled in the art.

The method according to the embodiments of the present disclosure includes the steps of preparing a solar array 30, superposing the upper cover plate 10, the front adhesive layer 20, the cell array 30, the back adhesive layer 40 and the back plate 50 in sequence, and laminating them to obtain the solar cell module 100. It can be understood that the method further includes other steps, for example, sealing the gap between the upper cover plate 10 and the back plate 50 by a sealant, and fixing the above components together by a U-shape frame, which are known to those skilled in the art, and thus will be not described in detail herein.

The method includes a step of forming a plurality of conductive wires by a metal wire which extends reciprocally on surfaces of cells 31 and is electrically connected with the surfaces of cells 31, such that the adjacent cells 31 are connected by the plurality of conductive wires to constitute a cell array 30.

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 7, the metal wire extends reciprocally for 12 times under a strain. As shown in FIG. 8, a first cell 31 and a second cell 31 are prepared. As shown in FIG. 9, a front surface of the first cell 31 is connected with a metal wire, and a back surface of the second cell 31 is connected with the metal wire, such that the cell array 30 is formed. FIG. 9 shows two cells 31. When the cell array 30 has a plurality of cells 31, the metal wire which extends reciprocally connects the front surface of the first cell 31 and the back surface of the second cell 31 adjacent to the first cell 31, i.e. connecting a secondary grid line of the first cell 31 with a back electrode of the second cell 31 by the metal wire. The metal wire extends reciprocally under strain from two clips at two ends thereof. The metal wire can be winded only with the help of two clips, which saves the clips considerably and then reduces the assembling space.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 9, the adjacent cells are connected in series. As said above, the adjacent cells can be connected in parallel by the metal wire based on practical requirements.

The cell array 30 obtained is superposed with the upper cover plate 10, the front adhesive layer 20, the back adhesive layer 40 and the back plate 50 in sequence, in which a front surface of the cell 31 faces the front adhesive layer 20, a back surface thereof facing the back adhesive layer 40, and laminating them to obtain the solar cell module 100. It can be understood that the metal wire can be bounded or welded with the cell 31 when or before they are laminated.

In the process of manufacturing the solar cell module according to the embodiments of the present disclosure, the metal wire extends reciprocally under strain between a front surface of a first cell 31 and a back surface of a second cell 31 adjacent to the first cell 31. The conductive wires include front conductive wires 4 connected with the secondary grid lines on the front surface of the cell 31 and back conductive wires 4 connected with the secondary grid lines on the back surface of the cell 31. The metal wire extends reciprocally for 10 to 60 times. The distance between two adjacent conductive wires ranges from 2.5 mm to 15 mm, and the two adjacent conductive wires form a U-shape structure or a V-shape structure.

Alternatively, there is a metal wire. The cells 31 are arranged in an n×m matrix form, n representing a column, and m representing a row. In a row of cells 31, the metal wire extends reciprocally between a surface of a first cell 31 and a surface of a second cell 31 adjacent to the first cell 31; in two adjacent rows of cells 31, the metal wire extends reciprocally between a surface of a cell 31 in a a^(th) row and a surface of a cell 31 in a (a+1)^(th) row, and m−1≧a≧1.

Preferably, in two adjacent rows of cells 31, the metal wire extends reciprocally between a surface of a cell 31 at an end of the a^(th) row and a surface of a cell 31 at an end of the (a+1)^(th) row, the end of the a^(th) row and the end of the (a+1)^(th) row located at the same side of the matrix form.

Further, in a row of cells 31, the metal wire extends reciprocally between a front surface of the first cell 31 and a back surface of the second cell 31 adjacent to the first cell 31; in two adjacent rows of cells 31, the metal wire extends reciprocally between a front surface of a cell 31 at the end of the a^(th) row and a back surface of a cell 31 at the end of the (a+1)^(th) row, to connect the two adjacent rows of cells 31 in series.

In some specific embodiments of the present disclosure, there is a metal wire extending reciprocally between adjacent cells 31 in a row; and there is a metal wire extending reciprocally between cells 31 in adjacent rows. The metal wire is a copper wire, and has a circular cross section.

In other words, the method for manufacturing the solar cell module according to the embodiments of the present disclosure includes two steps:

(1) arranging at least cells into a matrix form, in which the conductive wires extend reciprocally between a surface of a first cell 31 and a surface of a second cell 31 adjacent to the first cell 31 to form a folded shape, and the secondary grid lines on the shiny surface of the first cell 31 are welded with the conductive wires, and the back electrodes on the back surface of the second cell 31 are welded with the conductive wires;

(2) superposing a upper glass plate 10, a front adhesive layer 20, the cell array 30 obtained in step (1), a back adhesive layer 40 and a back plate 50 sequentially from up to down, in which a front surface of a cell 31 faces the front adhesive layer 20, a back surface thereof facing the back adhesive layer 40, and laminating them.

In step (1), preferably, in two adjacent rows of the cells 31, the conductive wires extend from a surface of a cell 31 in a a^(th) row to a surface of a cell 31 in a (a+1)^(th) row; more preferably, the conductive wires extend from a front surface of a cell 31 at the end of the a^(th) row and a back surface of a cell 31 at the end of the (a+1)^(th) row.

In an embodiment, further preferably, in a row of the cells 31, the conductive wires extend from a shiny surface of a first cell 31 to a shady surface of a second cell 31 adjacent to the first cell 31; in two adjacent rows of cells 31, the conductive wires extend from a shiny surface of a cell 31 at the end of the a^(th) row to a back surface of a cell 31 proximate the end of the (a+1)^(th) row.

In step (1), the conductive wires are arranged in a winding way between the cells 31 in the same row, and/or the conductive wires are in a winding way between two adjacent rows of the cells 31. Most preferably, the conductive wires are arranged in a winding way both between the cells 31 in the same row and between two adjacent rows of the cells 31.

In the above method for manufacturing the solar cell module, the conductive wires, the secondary grid lines, the metal wire, the alloy layer with a low melting point, the adhesive layers, the upper glass plate and the back plate are the same as the preceding description.

The laminating process can be conducted in a laminator, and include two stages, namely vacuuming at a low temperature and hot pressing.

In the above method for manufacturing the solar cell module, the process of welding can be a conventional welding way in the art. Preferably, the welding way is non-contact which refers to high-frequency welding or far infrared welding, so as to implement welding of the cell 31 with multiple conductive wires, avoid insufficient welding, and to prevent the conductive wires from drifting.

In some specific embodiments of the present disclosure, the upper glass plate 10, the front adhesive layer 20, the cell array 30, the back adhesive layer 40 and the back plate 50 are superposed sequentially, laminated and assembled. Then, a mounting block 80 is bonded on the back surface of the back plate 50, and is fixed on a frame.

In the present disclosure, the solar cell module is mounted in a different way from the frame of the traditional module or the edges of the double-glass module which are clamped from both sides. In the present disclosure, the back surface of the module adopts four mounting blocks bounded with high intensity, and the mounting blocks are fixed on the frame by bolts. In such a case, the module is evenly stressed, which enhances the load-bearing ability in a more safe and reliable manner.

In the present disclosure, the solar cell array 30 is connected in a different way from the conventional modules. Instead, two cells without conductive wires are connected by a single fine copper wire coated with an alloy with a low melting point. It can be understood that the fine copper wire coated with the alloy with the low melting point replaces the conductive wires and the solder strip of the traditional silicon cell, and spares the bus bars at an end with no outgoing line. The fine copper wire coated with the alloy with the low melting point is called the conductive wire for the sake of convenience. The cell remains the traditional first step of front screen printing—manufacturing the bottom grid lines on the cell which we call fine grid lines as a rule. Then the conductive wires are bended in different ways into a plurality of grid lines perpendicular to the fine grid lines, to cover the fine grid lines and form a conductive crossed grid structure. Compared with the traditional technique of conductive wires, since the copper wire has a circular cross section, the module formed by the copper wire will have a smaller shady surface, which can reduce resistance loss and promote the total power of the module. Since 20 to 30 conductive wires are arranged intensively, there are many contacts between the conductive wires and the fine grid lines, to optimize the transmission route of electric current at the positions where the wafer cracks subtly or slightly, so as to reduce the loss due to the cracks. More significantly, the conductive wires are made from copper wires, so to decrease the consumption of silver materials.

Example 1

Example 1 is used to illustrate the solar cell module 100 according to the present disclosure and the manufacturing method thereof.

(1) Manufacturing a Metal Wire S

An alloy layer of Sn40%-Bi55%-Pb5% (melting point: 125° C.) is attached to a surface of a copper wire, in which the copper wire has a cross section of 0.04 mm², and the alloy layer has a thickness of 16 μm. Hence, the metal wire S is obtained.

(2) Manufacturing a Solar Cell Module 100

A POE adhesive layer in 1630×980×0.5 mm is provided (melting point: 65° C.), and a glass plate in 1650×1000×3 mm and a polycrystalline silicon cell 31 in 156×156×0.21 mm are provided correspondingly. The cell 31 has 91 secondary grid lines (silver, 60 μm in width, 9 μm in thickness) on its front surface, each of which substantially runs through the cell 31 in a longitudinal direction, and the distance between the adjacent secondary grid lines is 1.7 mm. The cell 31 has five back electrodes (tin, 1.5 mm in width, 10 μm in thickness) on its back surface. Each back electrode substantially runs through the cell 31 in a longitudinal direction, and the distance between the adjacent back electrodes is 31 mm.

60 cells 31 are arranged in a matrix form (six rows and ten columns). In two adjacent cells 31 in a row, a metal wire extends reciprocally between a front surface of a first cell 31 and a back surface of a second cell 31 under strain. For example, pins are disposed in two columns, and each pin in the same column is spaced apart from each other. In such a case, the metal wire extends reciprocally between the two columns of pins, so as to form fifteen parallel conductive wires. The secondary grid line of the first cell 31 is welded with the primary grid, and the back electrode of the second cell 31 is welded with the primary grid at a welding temperature of 160° C., and the distance between parallel conductive wires is 9.9 mm. 10 cells are connected in series into a row, and six rows of the cells of such kind are connected in series into a cell array via the bus bar. The surfaces of the upper glass plate 10 and the lower glass plate facing the cell 31 are coated with silica gel (the thickness of the silica gel is 250 μm), and then butyl rubber sealing rubber strips are stuck around the silica gel. Then, an upper glass plate, multiple cells arranged in a matrix form and welded with the metal wire, and a lower glass plate are superposed sequentially from up to down, in which the front surface of the cell 31 faces the front adhesive layer 20, such that the front adhesive layer 20 contacts with the conductive wires 32 directly; and the back surface of the cell 31 faces the back adhesive layer 40, and finally they are laminated in a laminator, in which the front adhesive layer 20 fills between adjacent conductive wires 32. In such way, a solar cell module A1 is obtained.

Comparison Example 1

The difference between Comparison example 1 and Example 1 lies in that the cells 31 are arranged in a matrix form, and in two adjacent cells, the fifteen parallel metal wires, by wiredrawing as shown in FIG. 17, are strained via the clips 34 at the ends of each metal wire, and thus the cells are flattened at a strain of 2 N of the clips. Each of the fifteen parallel metal wires is welded with secondary grid lines on a front surface of a first cell 31 respectively, and welded with back electrodes on a back surface of a second cell 31. The distance between the parallel adjacent conductive wires 32C is 9.9 mm (as shown in FIG. 13). In such a way, a solar cell module D1 is obtained.

Comparison Example 2

The differences between Comparison example 2 and Comparison example 1 lie in that the cells are arranged in a matrix form; 15 metal wires connected in series are pasted at a transparent adhesive layer, and the metal wires are attached to the solar cells. In two adjacent cells, the metal wire connects a front surface of a first cell and a back surface of a second cell. Then, an upper glass plate, an upper POE adhesive layer, and a first transparent adhesive layer, multiple cells arranged in a matrix form and welded with the metal wire, a second transparent adhesive layer, a lower POE adhesive layer and a lower glass plate are superposed sequentially from up to down. Thus, a solar cell module D2 is obtained.

Comparison Example 3

The difference between Comparison example 3 and Example 1 lies in that the back plate employs a PET plate instead of a glass plate, so as to obtain a solar cell module D3.

Example 2

The solar cell module is manufactured according to the method in Example 1, but the difference compared with Example 1 lies in that 20 conductive wires are formed by reciprocal extension, and the distance between the parallel conductive wires is 7 mm. In such a way, a solar cell module A2 is obtained.

Example 3

The solar cell module is manufactured according to the method in Example 2, but the difference compared with Example 2 lies in that the thickness of the silica gel attached is 300 μm. In such a way, a solar cell module A3 is obtained.

Example 4

The solar cell module is manufactured according to the method in Example 2, but the difference compared with Example 2 lies in that the thickness of the silica gel attached is 350 μm. In such a way, a solar cell module A4 is obtained.

Example 5

The solar cell module is manufactured according to the method in Example 2, but the difference compared with Example 2 lies in that the thickness of the silica gel attached is 400 μm. In such a way, a solar cell module A5 is obtained.

Example 6

The solar cell module is manufactured according to the method in Example 2, but the difference compared with Example 2 lies in that a short grid line 33 (silver, 0.1 mm in width) is disposed on the secondary grid line of the shiny surface of the cell 31, and is perpendicular to the secondary grid line for connecting part of the secondary grid line at the edge of the front surface of the cell with the conductive wire, as shown in FIG. 12, so as to obtain a solar cell module A6.

Example 7

The solar cell module is manufactured according to the method in Example 3, but the difference compared with Example 3 lies in that the cell array is connected in such a manner that in two adjacent rows of cells, the conductive wires extends from a shiny surface of a cell 31 at an end of the a^(th) row (a≧1) to form electrical connection with a back surface of a cell 31 at an adjacent end of the (a+1)^(th) row, so as to connect the two adjacent rows of cells. The conductive wires for connecting the two adjacent rows of cells 31 are arranged in perpendicular to the conductive wires for connecting the adjacent cells 31 in the two rows. In such a way, the solar cell module A7 is obtained.

Testing Example 1

(1) Whether the metal wire in the solar cell module drifts is observed with the naked eyes;

(2) According to the method disclosed in IEC904-1, the solar cell modules manufactured in the above examples and the comparison example are tested with a single flash simulator under standard test conditions (STC): 1000 W/m² of light intensity, AM1.5 spectrum, and 25° C. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of each cell is recorded. The testing result is shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1 Solar cell module A1 D1 D2 D3 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 Metal wire no Slightly no no no no no no no no drifting phenomenon Photo- 16.40% 15.30% 15.5% 16.40% 16.80% 16.90% 16.80% 16.70% 17.10% 17.00% electric conversion efficiency Series 473 515 498 465 451 439 448 445 440 433 resistance (mΩ) Fill factor 0.773 0.742 0.764 0.776 0.779 0.791 0.781 0.783 0.792 0.79 Open- 37.66 37.52 37.44 37.5 37.84 37.78 37.81 37.75 37.84 37.86 circuit voltage (V) Short- 9.057 8.836 8.712 9.066 9.166 9.094 9.154 9.085 9.179 9.143 circuit current (A) Working 30.93 30.32 30.49 30.99 31.54 31.62 31.69 31.34 31.9 31.76 voltage (V) Working 8.526 8.117 8.176 8.512 8.568 8.597 8.53 8.571 8.622 8.61 current (A) Power 263.7 246.1 249.3 263.8 270.2 271.8 270.3 268.6 275.1 273.4 (W)

The fill factor refers to a ratio of the power at the maximum power point of the solar cell module and the maximum power theoretically at zero resistance, and represents the proximity of the actual power with respect to the theoretic maximum power, in which the greater the value is, the higher the photoelectric conversion efficiency is. Generally, the series resistance is small, so the fill factor is great. The photoelectric conversion efficiency refers to a ratio of converting the optical energy into electric energy by the module under a standard lighting condition (1000 W/m² of light intensity). The series resistance is equivalent to the internal resistance of the solar module, in which the greater the value is, the poorer the performance of the module is. The fill factor represents a ratio of the actual maximum power and the theoretical maximum power of the module, in which the greater the value is, the better the performance of the module is. The open-circuit voltage refers to the voltage of the module in an open circuit under a standard lighting condition. The short-circuit current refers to the current of the module in a short circuit under a standard lighting condition. The working voltage is the output voltage of the module working with the largest power under a standard lighting condition. The working current is the output current of the module working with the largest power under a standard lighting condition. The power is the maximum power which the module can reach under a standard lighting condition.

It can be indicated from Table 1 that for the solar cell module according to the embodiments of the present disclosure, the metal wire will not drift, and higher photoelectric conversion efficiency can be obtained.

Testing Example 2

(1) Welding a metal wire onto a surface of a cell, the metal wire being in perpendicular to secondary grid lines of the cell;

(2) Placing the cell horizontally at a testing position of a tensile tester, and pressing blocks on the cell, in which the pressing blocks are disposed at two sides of the metal wire, such that the cell will not be pulled up during the test;

(3) Clamping the metal wire at a pull ring of a tension meter that forms an angle of 45° with the cell;

(4) Actuating the tension meter, such that the tension meter moves uniformly along a vertical direction, pulls up the metal wire from the surface of the cell and records the pull data tested, in which the data is averaged to obtain the pull data of the metal wire. The testing result is shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2 Module A1 D1 D2 D3 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 Tensile force (N) 0.45 0.38 0.25 0.26 0.34 0.33 0.36 0.33 0.34 0.35

It can be indicated from Table 2 that for the solar cell module according to the embodiments of the present disclosure, greater tensile force is needed to pull the metal wire away from the upper gall of the cell, which proves stronger stability of connection between the metal wire and the cell in the solar cell module.

In the specification, it is to be understood that terms such as “central,” “longitudinal,” “lateral,” “length,” “width,” “thickness,” “upper,” “lower,” “front,” “rear,” “left,” “right,” “vertical,” “horizontal,” “top,” “bottom,” “inner,” “outer,” “clockwise,” and “counterclockwise” should be construed to refer to the orientation as then described or as shown in the drawings under discussion. These relative terms are for convenience of description and do not require that the present disclosure be constructed or operated in a particular orientation.

In addition, terms such as “first” and “second” are used herein for purposes of description and are not intended to indicate or imply relative importance or significance or to imply the number of indicated technical features. Thus, the feature defined with “first” and “second” may comprise one or more of this feature. In the description of the present disclosure, “a plurality of” means two or more than two, unless specified otherwise.

In the present disclosure, unless specified or limited otherwise, a structure in which a first feature is “on” or “below” a second feature may include an embodiment in which the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, and may also include an embodiment in which the first feature and the second feature are not in direct contact with each other, but are contacted via an additional feature formed therebetween. Furthermore, a first feature “on,” “above,” or “on top of” a second feature may include an embodiment in which the first feature is right or obliquely “on,” “above,” or “on top of” the second feature, or just means that the first feature is at a height higher than that of the second feature; while a first feature “below,” “under,” or “on bottom of” a second feature may include an embodiment in which the first feature is right or obliquely “below,” “under,” or “on bottom of” the second feature, or just means that the first feature is at a height lower than that of the second feature.

Reference throughout this specification to “an embodiment,” “some embodiments,” or “some examples” means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present disclosure. Thus, these terms throughout this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example of the present disclosure. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

Although embodiments of the present disclosure have been shown and described, it would be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, alternatives and variations can be made in the embodiments without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. 

1. A solar cell module, comprising: an upper glass plate, a front adhesive layer, a solar cell array, a back adhesive layer and a back plate superposed in sequence, the solar cell array comprising a plurality of cells, adjacent cells connected by a metal wire, at least one metal wire extending reciprocally between a surface of a first cell and a surface of a second cell adjacent to the first cell to form at least two conductive wires, the cells comprising secondary grid lines disposed on front surfaces thereof, the conductive wires being welded with the secondary grid lines, at least one of the front adhesive layer and the back adhesive layer having a thickness of larger than or equal to the metal wire in a direction perpendicular to the cell, and smaller than 400 μm.
 2. The solar cell module according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the front adhesive layer and the back adhesive layer having a thickness of 250-400 μm. 3-5. (canceled)
 6. The solar cell module according to claim 1, wherein the metal wire extends reciprocally for 10 to 60 times. 7-9. (canceled)
 10. The solar cell module according to claim 1, wherein the two adjacent conductive wires form a U-shape structure or a V-shape structure.
 11. The solar cell array according to claim 1, wherein there is only one metal wire.
 12. The solar cell module according to claim 1, wherein the cells are arranged in an n×m matrix form, n representing a column, and m representing a row, and m−1≧a≧1; in a row of cells, the metal wire extends reciprocally between a surface of a first cell and a surface of a second cell adjacent to the first cell; in two adjacent rows of cells, the metal wire extends reciprocally between a surface of a cell in a a^(th) row and a surface of a cell in a (a+1)^(th) row.
 13. The solar cell module according to claim 12, wherein in two adjacent rows of cells, the metal wire extends reciprocally between a surface of a cell at an end of the a^(th) row and a surface of a cell at an end of the (a+1)^(th) row, the end of the a^(th) row and the end of the (a+1)^(th) row located at the same side of the matrix form.
 14. The solar cell module according to claim 13, wherein in a row of cells, the metal wire extends reciprocally between a front surface of the first cell and a back surface of the second cell adjacent to the first cell; in two adjacent rows of cells, the metal wire extends reciprocally between a front surface of a cell at the end of the a^(th) row and a back surface of a cell at the end of the (a+1)^(th) row, to connect the two adjacent rows of cells in series.
 15. The solar cell module according to claim 12, wherein one metal wire extends reciprocally between adjacent cells in a row; and another metal wire extends reciprocally between cells in adjacent rows.
 16. (canceled)
 17. The solar cell module according to claim 1, wherein the metal wire is coated with a welding layer. 18-23. (canceled)
 24. The solar cell module according to claim 1, wherein the upper glass plate and the back plate are fixed by the silica gel, butyl rubber or double sticky tape via a U-shape frame; and a sealant is disposed between the peripheries of the upper glass plate and the back plate, and the U-shape frame.
 25. The solar cell module according to claim 1, further comprising a junction box disposed at the peripheries of the upper glass plate and the back plate.
 26. The solar cell module according to claim 1, wherein the front adhesive layer contacts with the conductive wires directly and is disposed between adjacent conductive wires.
 27. The solar cell module according to claim 1, wherein the metal wire extends reciprocally between a front surface of a first cell and a back surface of a second cell adjacent to the first cell; the front adhesive layer contacts with the conductive wires on the front surface of the first cell directly and is disposed between the adjacent conductive wires on the front surface of the first cell; the back adhesive layer contacts with the conductive wires on the back surface of the second cell directly and is disposed between the adjacent conductive wires on the back surface of the second cell. 28-31. (canceled)
 32. The solar cell module according to claim 1, wherein the cell has a dimension of 156 mm×156 mm; and the solar cell module has a conversion efficiency of 16.5-17.4%.
 33. A method for manufacturing a solar cell module, comprising: forming a plurality of conductive wires by a metal wire which extends reciprocally on a surface of a first cell and a surface of a second cell adjacent to the first cell, the plurality of conductive wires being welded with secondary grid lines on surfaces of the cells to constitute a cell array; superposing an upper glass plate, a front adhesive layer, the cell array, a back adhesive layer and a back plate in sequence, in which a front surface of a cell faces the front adhesive layer, a back surface thereof facing the back adhesive layer, and laminating the superposed layers to obtain the solar cell module, at least one of the front adhesive layer and the back adhesive layer having a thickness of larger than or equal to the metal wire in a direction perpendicular to the cell, and smaller than 400 μm.
 34. The method according to claim 33, wherein the metal wire extends reciprocally between a front surface of a first cell and a back surface of a second cell adjacent to the first cell, and is welded with a secondary grid line on the front surface of the first cell, and with a back electrode on the back surface of the second cell.
 35. (canceled)
 36. The method according to claim 33, wherein the cells are arranged in an n×m matrix form, n representing a column, and m representing a row; in a row of cells, the metal wire extends reciprocally between a surface of a first cell and a surface of a second cell adjacent to the first cell; in two adjacent rows of cells, the metal wire extends reciprocally between a surface of a cell in a a^(th) row and a surface of a cell in a (a+1)^(th) row, and m−1≧a≧1; in two adjacent rows of cells, the metal wire extends reciprocally between a surface of a cell at an end of the a^(th) row and a surface of a cell at an end of the (a+1)^(th) row, the end of the a^(th) row and the end of the (a+1)^(th) row located at the same side of the matrix form.
 37. The method according to claim 36, wherein in a row of cells, the metal wire extends reciprocally between a front surface of the first cell and a back surface of the second cell adjacent to the first cell; in two adjacent rows of cells, the metal wire extends reciprocally between a front surface of a cell at the end of the a^(th) row and a back surface of a cell at the end of the (a+1)^(th) row, to connect the two adjacent rows of cells in series.
 38. The method according to claim 37, wherein one metal wire extends reciprocally between adjacent cells in a row; and another metal wire extends reciprocally between cells in adjacent rows. 